Military, Industrial Use Impregnated Activated Carbon

{"news_id":8207,"is_preview":0,"news_info":{"id":8207,"company_id":176,"user_id":411,"author":"","website_id":781,"pub_date":"2023-10-10 10:18:11","urla":"military-industrial-use-impregnated-activated-carbon","description":"Metal impregnated activated carbon has improved physical and chemical adsorption capacity and is widely used in military and industrial protection fields\u2026","image_url":"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2023\/1016\/5289\/652cf58c31321\/Military--Industrial-Use-Impregnated-Activated-Carbon.webp","image_alt":"Military, Industrial Use Impregnated Activated Carbon","title":"Military, Industrial Use Impregnated Activated Carbon","content":"<h1 style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #169179;\"><strong>Military, Industrial Use Impregnated Activated Carbon<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Metal impregnated <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #169179; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #169179; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"human-protection\" data-page_id=\"19580\" data-page_name=\"Human Protection Activated Carbon\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\">activated carbon<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span> has improved physical and chemical adsorption capacity and is widely used in military and industrial protection fields, such as for CBRN, ABEK filters, and other respiratory protection devices. It is a catalytic adsorbent with metal on its surface through processes including solution impregnation, drying, and calcination.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span id=\"Impregnants\" style=\"color: #169179; font-size: 14pt;\">Impregnants<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are various types of impregnated carbon for&nbsp;military use&nbsp;according to the impregnants. Of which,&nbsp;<strong>ASZM-TEDA<\/strong>: activated carbon impregnated with copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), and triethylenediamine (TEDA); and&nbsp;<strong>ASC-TEDA<\/strong>: activated carbon impregnated with copper, silver, chromium (Cr), TEDA are two representatives. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The content of metals of the impregnated carbon is not fixed and will vary depending on the requirements of users. And because ASC-TEDA carbon contains chromium(VI) with strong oxidizing properties and carcinogenicity, ASZM-TEDA has become the most commonly used impregnated carbon in military fields.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The following tables list the&nbsp;<strong>MIL-DTL-32101<\/strong>&nbsp;requirements for the properties and content of impregnants of ASZM-TEDA carbon.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Specification<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Value<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Moisture Content<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\">&le; 2.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Apparent Density<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\">&le; 0.68g\/mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hardness<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\">&le; 85%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ammonia Content<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;\">&le; 0.001mg\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Impregnant<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<th style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Content<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cu<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\">6.0 wt%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ag<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;\">0.1 wt%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Zn<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;\">6.0 wt%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mo<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;\">2.5 wt%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TEDA<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;\">3.5 wt%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Although the metal content of the impregnated carbon can be obtained by test analysis, its chemical state and structure are still unclear. It is generally believed that the impregnation solution for preparing ASC carbon can be composed of diamminecopper(II) carbonate (Cu(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub>), ammonium chromate(IV) ((NH<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CrO<sub>4<\/sub>), and diamminesilver(I) nitrate (Ag(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>NO<sub>3<\/sub>). Ammonia and ammonium carbonate in the formula are used to improve metal solubility. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">During the impregnation process, the metal components also have new binding forms, such as Cu(NH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CrO<sub>4<\/sub>, CuCrO<sub>4<\/sub>, CuCrO<sub>4<\/sub>&middot;3NH<sub>3<\/sub>. The metal precursors on the carbon surface are considered to be represented by CuCO<sub>3<\/sub>&middot;Cu(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>, and CuCr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>7<\/sub>&middot;2H<sub>2<\/sub>O. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The impregnated activated carbon should be calcined in an air atmosphere at 170-175 &deg;C, and the metal ammine complexes and inorganic salts impregnated on the surface of the carbon are calcined to form more stable oxides, including CuCrO<sub>4<\/sub>&middot;2CuO, CrO<sub>3<\/sub>, Cr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, CuO, Cu<sub>2<\/sub>O, Ag<sub>2<\/sub>O, which become the adsorption active centers of the impregnated carbon. And the oxidation state of Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>, Cr(VI), and Ag<sup>+<\/sup>&nbsp;is recognized as the active metal state of adsorption and catalysis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The preparation method of ASZM carbon is basically the same as that of ASC carbon, except that the ammonium carbonate solution is replaced by ammonium molybdate and basic zinc carbonate solution. And the impregnated metal components are calcined to form Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>, Mo<sup>6+<\/sup>, Zn<sup>2+<\/sup>, and Ag<sup>+<\/sup>&nbsp;in oxidation states.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span id=\"Adsorbates\" style=\"color: #169179; font-size: 14pt;\">Adsorbates<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Compared with other adsorption media or carriers, the impregnated activated carbon not only has the chemical adsorption and catalytic hydrolysis ability for chemical warfare agents, but also retains the physical adsorption ability of its micropores. The three abilities realize its broad-spectrum protection properties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The protection from toxic gases with low boiling point, high volatility, or small molecular weight, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), cyanogen chloride (CNCl), phosgene (COCl<sub>2<\/sub>), mainly depends on the chemical adsorption or reaction of metal oxides impregnated on the&nbsp;activated carbon&nbsp;surface; For chemical warfare agents with high boiling point (Most of them are liquid at the room temperature.), it mainly depends on the physical adsorption capacity of activated carbon micropores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> And some of the adsorbed agents will also form small molecular degradation products on the surface through catalytic hydrolysis. For example, thiodiglycol and hydrofluoric acid are the hydrolysis products of sulfur mustard (HD) and sarin (GB) respectively. The products will be either adsorbed by the activated carbon, or neutralized by metal oxides or basic substances on the carbon surface.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chemical Warfare Agent<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Molar Mass<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Boiling Point<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vapor Pressure (25 &deg;C)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Adsorbed by ASZM-TEDA<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">VX<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">267.37 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">300 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">0.0007 mmHg<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"6\">Mainly by physical adsorption, with good effect.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tabun<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">162.13 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">247.5 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">0.07 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sulfur Mustard<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">159.08 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">215-217 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">0.11 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soman<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">182.175 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">198 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">0.41 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lewisite<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">207.32 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">190 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">0.58 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sarin<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">140.09 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">158 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">2.86 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chloropicrin<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">164.375 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">112 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">24 mmHg<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;\">By physical adsorption, with limited effect.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hydrogen Cyanide<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">27.025 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">25.6 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">742 mmHg<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"4\">Mainly by chemical adsorption, with good effect.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cyanogen Chloride<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">61.46 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">13 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">1230 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Phosgene<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">98.92 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">8.3 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">1420 mmHg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arsine<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;\">77.95 g\/mol<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.512%; text-align: center;\">-62.5 &deg;C<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;\">11,000 mmHg (20 &deg;C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">for more information:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"human-protection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page_id=\"19580\" data-page_name=\"Human Protection Activated Carbon\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\">Activated Carbon for Human Protection<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"military-used-CBRN-series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page_id=\"19601\" data-page_name=\"Military Used: CBRN Series\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"dissociatePage\">Military Used: CBRN Series<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"industrial-and-civilian-used-ABEK-series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-page_id=\"19602\" data-page_name=\"Industrial&amp; Civilian Used: ABEK Series\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"dissociatePage\">Industrial&amp; Civilian Used: ABEK Series<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>","discuss":0,"seo_title":"Military, Industrial Use Impregnated Activated Carbon | ACC","seo_keyword":"Activated Carbon,granular activated carbon,Impregnated Activated Carbon","seo_describe":"ASZM-TEDA carbon is the most-used impregnated activated carbon in military, industrial use as for CBRN, ABEK filters, other respiratory protection devices.","track_code":"","viewer":"","source_copy_id":0,"sort":62,"status":0,"data_time":"2024-12-04 10:19:58","create_time":"2023-10-10 09:32:44","update_time":"2025-04-02 09:56:43","type_items":[{"id":2083,"website_id":781,"name":"Activated Carbon","urla":""}],"tag_items":[{"id":7240,"website_id":781,"name":"Impregnated Activated Carbon"}]}}

<h1 style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #169179;"><strong>Military, Industrial Use Impregnated Activated Carbon</strong></span></h1>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">Metal impregnated <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #169179; text-decoration: underline;"><a style="color: #169179; text-decoration: underline;" href="human-protection" data-page_id="19580" data-page_name="Human Protection Activated Carbon｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage">activated carbon</a></span></strong></span> has improved physical and chemical adsorption capacity and is widely used in military and industrial protection fields, such as for CBRN, ABEK filters, and other respiratory protection devices. It is a catalytic adsorbent with metal on its surface through processes including solution impregnation, drying, and calcination.</span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: 1.75;"><span id="Impregnants" style="color: #169179; font-size: 14pt;">Impregnants</span></h2>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">There are various types of impregnated carbon for military use according to the impregnants. Of which, <strong>ASZM-TEDA</strong>: activated carbon impregnated with copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), and triethylenediamine (TEDA); and <strong>ASC-TEDA</strong>: activated carbon impregnated with copper, silver, chromium (Cr), TEDA are two representatives. </span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">The content of metals of the impregnated carbon is not fixed and will vary depending on the requirements of users. And because ASC-TEDA carbon contains chromium(VI) with strong oxidizing properties and carcinogenicity, ASZM-TEDA has become the most commonly used impregnated carbon in military fields.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">The following tables list the <strong>MIL-DTL-32101</strong> requirements for the properties and content of impregnants of ASZM-TEDA carbon.</span></p>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Specification</span></th>
<th style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Value</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Moisture Content</span></td>
<td style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;">≤ 2.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Apparent Density</span></td>
<td style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;">≤ 0.68g/mL</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Hardness</span></td>
<td style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;">≤ 85%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Ammonia Content</span></td>
<td style="width: 49.9141%; text-align: center;">≤ 0.001mg/L</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Impregnant</strong></span></td>
<th style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Content</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Cu</span></td>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;">6.0 wt%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Ag</span></td>
<td style="width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;">0.1 wt%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Zn</span></td>
<td style="width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;">6.0 wt%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Mo</span></td>
<td style="width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;">2.5 wt%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">TEDA</span></td>
<td style="width: 41.9244%; text-align: center;">3.5 wt%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">Although the metal content of the impregnated carbon can be obtained by test analysis, its chemical state and structure are still unclear. It is generally believed that the impregnation solution for preparing ASC carbon can be composed of diamminecopper(II) carbonate (Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>), ammonium chromate(IV) ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>), and diamminesilver(I) nitrate (Ag(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>). Ammonia and ammonium carbonate in the formula are used to improve metal solubility. </span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">During the impregnation process, the metal components also have new binding forms, such as Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>, CuCrO<sub>4</sub>, CuCrO<sub>4</sub>·3NH<sub>3</sub>. The metal precursors on the carbon surface are considered to be represented by CuCO<sub>3</sub>·Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>, and CuCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O. </span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">The impregnated activated carbon should be calcined in an air atmosphere at 170-175 °C, and the metal ammine complexes and inorganic salts impregnated on the surface of the carbon are calcined to form more stable oxides, including CuCrO<sub>4</sub>·2CuO, CrO<sub>3</sub>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CuO, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, Ag<sub>2</sub>O, which become the adsorption active centers of the impregnated carbon. And the oxidation state of Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cr(VI), and Ag<sup>+</sup> is recognized as the active metal state of adsorption and catalysis.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">The preparation method of ASZM carbon is basically the same as that of ASC carbon, except that the ammonium carbonate solution is replaced by ammonium molybdate and basic zinc carbonate solution. And the impregnated metal components are calcined to form Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Mo<sup>6+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Ag<sup>+</sup> in oxidation states.</span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: 1.75;"><span id="Adsorbates" style="color: #169179; font-size: 14pt;">Adsorbates</span></h2>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">Compared with other adsorption media or carriers, the impregnated activated carbon not only has the chemical adsorption and catalytic hydrolysis ability for chemical warfare agents, but also retains the physical adsorption ability of its micropores. The three abilities realize its broad-spectrum protection properties.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;">The protection from toxic gases with low boiling point, high volatility, or small molecular weight, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), cyanogen chloride (CNCl), phosgene (COCl<sub>2</sub>), mainly depends on the chemical adsorption or reaction of metal oxides impregnated on the activated carbon surface; For chemical warfare agents with high boiling point (Most of them are liquid at the room temperature.), it mainly depends on the physical adsorption capacity of activated carbon micropores.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #000000;"> And some of the adsorbed agents will also form small molecular degradation products on the surface through catalytic hydrolysis. For example, thiodiglycol and hydrofluoric acid are the hydrolysis products of sulfur mustard (HD) and sarin (GB) respectively. The products will be either adsorbed by the activated carbon, or neutralized by metal oxides or basic substances on the carbon surface.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75;"> </p>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Chemical Warfare Agent</span></th>
<th style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Molar Mass</span></th>
<th style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Boiling Point</span></th>
<th style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Vapor Pressure (25 °C)</span></th>
<th style="width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Adsorbed by ASZM-TEDA</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">VX</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">267.37 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">300 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">0.0007 mmHg</td>
<td style="width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;" rowspan="6">Mainly by physical adsorption, with good effect.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Tabun</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">162.13 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">247.5 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">0.07 mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Sulfur Mustard</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">159.08 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">215-217 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">0.11 mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Soman</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">182.175 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">198 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">0.41 mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Lewisite</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">207.32 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">190 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">0.58 mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Sarin</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">140.09 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">158 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">2.86 mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Chloropicrin</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">164.375 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">112 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">24 mmHg</td>
<td style="width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;">By physical adsorption, with limited effect.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Hydrogen Cyanide</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">27.025 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">25.6 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">742 mmHg</td>
<td style="width: 37.0275%; text-align: center;" rowspan="4">Mainly by chemical adsorption, with good effect.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Cyanogen Chloride</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">61.46 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">13 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">1230 mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Phosgene</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">98.92 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">8.3 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">1420 mmHg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20.4467%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">Arsine</span></td>
<td style="width: 12.0275%; text-align: center;">77.95 g/mol</td>
<td style="width: 11.512%; text-align: center;">-62.5 °C</td>
<td style="width: 18.8144%; text-align: center;">11,000 mmHg (20 °C)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="color: #333333;">for more information:</span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;"><a style="color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;" href="human-protection" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-page_id="19580" data-page_name="Human Protection Activated Carbon｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage">Activated Carbon for Human Protection</a></span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;"><a style="color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;" href="military-used-CBRN-series" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-page_id="19601" data-page_name="Military Used: CBRN Series｜ACC" data-page_type="dissociatePage">Military Used: CBRN Series</a></span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;"><a style="color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;" href="industrial-and-civilian-used-ABEK-series" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-page_id="19602" data-page_name="Industrial& Civilian Used: ABEK Series｜ACC" data-page_type="dissociatePage">Industrial& Civilian Used: ABEK Series</a></span></strong></span></p>