Porous Carbon Material: Key to Supercapacitors| ACC

{"news_id":8769,"is_preview":0,"news_info":{"id":8769,"company_id":176,"user_id":411,"author":"","website_id":781,"pub_date":"2024-03-22 11:24:24","urla":"porous-carbon-materials-in-supercapacitors","description":"What is the Porous Carbon Material?Porous carbon material refers to a solid material with carbon as the main skeleton, with pore structures of different sizes and high specific surface area.","image_url":"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0322\/9316\/65fcf3b8c2a7f\/640.webp","image_alt":"Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials","title":"Porous Carbon Materials in Supercapacitors","content":"<h1 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Porous Carbon Material and &nbsp;Supercapacitors<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #169179;\">1.What is the Porous Carbon Material?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #2dc26b;\"><a style=\"color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"porous-carbon-materials\" data-page_id=\"19584\" data-page_name=\"Porous Carbon Materials\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\"><strong>Porous carbon material<\/strong><\/a><\/span> refers to a solid material with carbon as the main skeleton, with pore structures of different sizes and high specific surface area.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">According to the classification of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), porous carbon materials can be divided into microporous materials (d&lt;2nm), mesoporous materials (2nm&lt;d&lt;50nm) and macroporous materials (d&gt;50nm) according to pore size.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">According to structural characteristics, they can be divided into disordered porous carbon materials and ordered porous carbon materials.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The pore structure of carbon materials prepared by traditional activation methods is mostly microporous, which can only adsorb small molecular substances, and has poor adsorption effect on some molecules with larger diameters. Mesoporous carbon materials have very good performance in this regard.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">At the same time, mesoporous carbon materials also have very important applications in the field of electrochemistry. The preparation of mesoporous carbon microspheres with high specific surface area, large pore volume, and narrow pore size distribution as electrode materials can improve the specific capacity, rate performance and performance of capacitors.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #169179;\">2.The Relationship between Porous Carbon Materials and Supercapacitors<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The most commonly used electrode materials for supercapacitors are various forms of carbon, such as <a href=\"activated-carbon\" data-page_id=\"19575\" data-page_name=\"Activated Carbon\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;\">activated carbon<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a> (AC), carbon fiber cloth (AFC), carbide-derived carbon (CDC), carbon aerogels,&nbsp; graphane, and carbon nanoparticles tube (CNT).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">Carbon-based electrodes mainly exhibit electrostatic double-layer capacitance, and pseudocapacitance may also occur under different pore sizes. Pore diameters range from micropores (&lt;2nm) to mesopores (2~50nm), and only micropores can produce pseudocapacitance. When the pore size approaches the size of the dissolved shell, the solvent molecules are excluded, and only undissolved ions fill the pores, increasing the ion packing density and storage capacity through the Faraday hydrogen gas interlayer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.1 Activated Carbon<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allcarbon.com.cn\/activated-carbon-for-super-capacitors-and-electrodes\" data-page_id=\"0\" data-page_name=\"\" data-page_type=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;\">Activated carbon was the first material used in EDLC electrodes<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>. Although its conductivity is only about 0.3 ten thousandths of that of metal (1,250~2,000 S\/m), it is enough for supercapacitors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Activated carbon is an extremely porous carbon with a very high specific surface area - one gram of activated carbon has a surface area of about 1,000 to 3,000 square meters, which is about the size of 4 to 12 tennis courts. The electrodes mainly use low-density activated carbon, which has many pores and has a high electric double layer capacitance value.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0322\/3334\/65fcf3cdd5746\/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%873.png\" alt=\"Classification chart of supercapacitor types \" width=\"500\" data-resolution=\"960*720\" \/><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><br \/><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">Solid activated carbon, also known as consolidated amorphous carbon (CAC), is the most common electrode material for supercapacitors and may be less expensive than other carbon derivatives. Activated carbon powder can be turned into such blocks by pressing. An electrode with a surface area of about 1000 m2\/g has a typical electric double layer capacitance of about 10 &mu;F\/cm2 and a specific capacitance of about 100 F\/g.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">As of 2010, nearly all commercial supercapacitors use powdered activated carbon made from coconut shells. Activated charcoal made from<a href=\"coconut-shell-based-activated-carbon\" data-page_id=\"19605\" data-page_name=\"Coconut Shell Based Activated Carbon\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;\"> coconut shells<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a> is more porous than charcoal <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"wood-based-activated-carbon\" data-page_id=\"19594\" data-page_name=\"Wood Based Activated Carbon\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\"><strong><span style=\"color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;\">made from wood<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a data-page_id=\"19575\" data-page_name=\"Activated Carbon\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\"><img src=\"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0319\/2146\/65f9475284a71\/ACarbon%C2%AE-Activated-Carbon-Products.webp\" alt=\"ACarbon&reg;-Activated-Carbon-Products \" width=\"800\" data-resolution=\"1536*337\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">ACC activated carbon has been recognized by certificate authorities in different fields such as NSF, BV, HALA and Kosher.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">For More information, Visit our Website<br \/>\ud83c\udf10 <a href=\"home\" data-page_id=\"19551\" data-page_name=\"Home\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\">www.allcarbon.com.cn<\/a><br \/>Or Email us<br \/>\ud83d\udce8 info@allcarbon.com.cn<br \/><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><br \/><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">2.2 Activated Carbon Fiber<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><br \/><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Activated carbon fibers (ACF) are made from activated carbon and have a typical diameter of 10 &micro;m. They can have micropores with very uniform pore sizes that can be easily controlled. The surface area of textiles made from ACF is approximately 2500 m2\/g. The ACF electrode has low resistance along the fiber axis and makes good contact with the collector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">As far as activated carbon is concerned, the ACF electrode mainly exhibits double electric layer capacitance, and also has a small amount of pseudocapacitance due to micropores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #169179;\">3. Factors affecting the capacitance performance of porous carbon-based supercapacitors<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Porous carbon is a key material for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems, including batteries and supercapacitors. This is due to the inherent advantages of porous carbon, with high electrical conductivity, chemical\/electrochemical\/thermal resistance, easy surface functionalization, and <a href=\"superb-activated-carbon\" data-page_id=\"20821\" data-page_name=\"Super Activated Carbon\uff5cACC\" data-page_type=\"menuPage\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;\">high specific surface area<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Factors affecting the capacitance performance of porous carbon-based supercapacitors include specific surface area, pore structure, surface chemical state, carbon structural defects, heteroatom doping, and electrode structure design.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0322\/1957\/65fcf3b8ce435\/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87_20240322101811.webp\" alt=\"porous carbon-based for supercapacitors \" width=\"500\" data-resolution=\"875*877\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">A high specific surface area is beneficial to improving the capacitive performance of porous carbon, but there is no strict linear relationship between its specific surface area and normalized capacitance. Generally, the specific capacity of porous carbon is optimal when the pore size matches the size of the desolvated ions (or bare ions).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">Because micropores can provide abundant chemically active sites for ion storage, mesopores can serve as channels for ion migration and transmission, and macropores can serve as ion buffer spaces, hierarchical porous carbons with appropriate proportions of micro\/meso\/macropores will have Excellent capacitive performance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">Accurate analysis of the specific surface area and pore structure of porous carbon will provide a basis for the development and precise preparation of capacitive carbon. Ar adsorption\/desorption and QSDFT analysis based on the adsorption branch are usually used to obtain the specific surface area and pore size distribution. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">The existence or introduction of structural defects (vacancies, edges) and surface heteroatoms (O, N, P, S, F, B) will change the surface heterogeneity of carbon materials, thereby changing the conductivity and wettability of carbon electrodes. , and induced pseudocapacitance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">In addition, reasonable electrode structure design (such as graphene conductive agent, multi-dimensional gradient electrode) can effectively improve the capacitive performance of porous carbon.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #169179;\"><strong>4. Innovative Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Carbon materials prepared from biomass and its wastes have become one of the most popular electrode materials today due to their low cost, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><br \/><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u2460 Luo Han Guo is one of the most abundant plant species in Guilin, China, and has extremely high value as a traditional Chinese medicinal material. Its pulp can be extracted to obtain the natural sweetener mogroside. However, the fruit's husk is often discarded as waste due to its low medicinal content.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The shell of Luo Han Guo has a sponge-like structure, with slightly raised pores on the peel. This inherent structural feature confers the advantages of porous structures. In addition, the concentration of volatile substances in monk fruit shells is relatively low, which significantly improves the carbonization yield.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0322\/9316\/65fcf3b8c2a7f\/640.webp\" alt=\"Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials \" data-resolution=\"726*280\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">Guilin University of Technology published a paper titled \"Porous carbon derived from a by-product\" in the journal \"Diamond &amp; Related Materials\" of traditional Chinese medicine for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors\", the research proposed a design strategy for electrode preparation by carbonizing mangosteen shells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">Through high-temperature carbonization of mangosteen shells, electrode materials with rich pore structure, high specific surface area and porosity were prepared. The ZHSC prepared using the carbonized and KOH-activated material as the cathode has a high specific capacity of 228.7 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.2 A g-1, and the battery has a high capacity retention rate of 92.6% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">From: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diamond.2023.110785<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u2461 Fibrous porous carbon prepared from medical waste absorbent cotton. Through specific chemical treatment and carbonization processes, the South China Agricultural University research team successfully prepared carbon materials with ultra-high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical properties, which have demonstrated excellent performance in supercapacitors and ZIHCs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0322\/8930\/65fcf3b8ec31e\/640--3-.webp\" alt=\"Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials \" width=\"500\" data-resolution=\"813*410\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">This research not only opens up an effective way for the development of energy storage materials and devices, but also provides new ideas and opportunities for the processing and high-value utilization of absorbent cotton and other medical waste.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">From: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2024.234146<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u2462Harbin Normal University published a paper in the journal \"New J. Chem\" titled \"Two biomass material-derived self-doped (N\/O) porous carbons from waste coriander and lilac with high specific surface areas and \"high capacitance for supercapacitors\" paper, studying the use of waste coriander and cloves to prepare two porous carbons for high-performance supercapacitors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0322\/1614\/65fcf3b8d1fc6\/640--4-.webp\" alt=\"Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials \" data-resolution=\"656*368\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">This study confirms that waste coriander and cloves can be used as an ideal source for preparing porous carbon due to their excellent electrochemical properties and abundant resources, which have huge commercial potential.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u2463 Waste almond shells are used as raw materials to prepare porous carbon materials for use in broadband structural microwave absorbers.<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Hunan University published a paper titled \"Controlling the microstructure of biomass-derived porous carbon to assemble structural absorber for broadening bandwidth\" in the journal Carbon. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The study chose almond shells as raw materials because of its unique layered porous structure. , porous carbon materials with different microstructures were prepared through a simple chemical activation process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><img src=\"https:\/\/oss.matchpages.cn\/matchpages\/common\/2024\/0322\/5466\/65fcf3b8bbe4d\/640--1-.webp\" alt=\"Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials \" data-resolution=\"681*469\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Experiments show that the EAB of porous carbon materials can be effectively expanded by changing the microstructure of the porous carbon materials. Subsequently, these porous carbon materials were used individually to assemble structural absorbers. Coincidentally, the EAB of structural absorbers can also be expanded by changing the microstructure of porous carbon materials.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\"><span style=\"color: #7e8c8d;\">From:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2022.06.074<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">&nbsp;<\/p>","discuss":0,"seo_title":"Porous Carbon Material: Key to Supercapacitors| ACC","seo_keyword":"Porous Carbon Materials, Supercapacitors, Carbon-Based Electrodes, Energy Storage Solutions, Electrochemistry, Capacitance Performance, Environmental Sustainability","seo_describe":"Discover how porous carbon materials revolutionize supercapacitors with AllCarbon. Explore the synergy between porous carbon and supercapacitor technology, optimizing energy storage solutions for enhanced performance and environmental sustainability.","track_code":"","viewer":"","source_copy_id":0,"sort":42,"status":0,"data_time":"2024-03-22 17:11:52","create_time":"2024-03-20 16:44:17","update_time":"2025-04-02 09:56:43","type_items":[{"id":2203,"website_id":781,"name":"Carbon for New Energy","urla":""}],"tag_items":[]}}

<h1 style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Porous Carbon Material and  Supercapacitors</strong></span></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 1.6;"><strong><span style="color: #169179;">1.What is the Porous Carbon Material?</span></strong></h2>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #2dc26b;"><a style="color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;" href="porous-carbon-materials" data-page_id="19584" data-page_name="Porous Carbon Materials｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage"><strong>Porous carbon material</strong></a></span> refers to a solid material with carbon as the main skeleton, with pore structures of different sizes and high specific surface area.</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">According to the classification of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), porous carbon materials can be divided into microporous materials (d<2nm), mesoporous materials (2nm<d<50nm) and macroporous materials (d>50nm) according to pore size. </span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">According to structural characteristics, they can be divided into disordered porous carbon materials and ordered porous carbon materials.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">The pore structure of carbon materials prepared by traditional activation methods is mostly microporous, which can only adsorb small molecular substances, and has poor adsorption effect on some molecules with larger diameters. Mesoporous carbon materials have very good performance in this regard.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">At the same time, mesoporous carbon materials also have very important applications in the field of electrochemistry. The preparation of mesoporous carbon microspheres with high specific surface area, large pore volume, and narrow pore size distribution as electrode materials can improve the specific capacity, rate performance and performance of capacitors. </span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: 1.6;"><strong><span style="color: #169179;">2.The Relationship between Porous Carbon Materials and Supercapacitors</span></strong></h2>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">The most commonly used electrode materials for supercapacitors are various forms of carbon, such as <a href="activated-carbon" data-page_id="19575" data-page_name="Activated Carbon｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;">activated carbon</span></strong></span></a> (AC), carbon fiber cloth (AFC), carbide-derived carbon (CDC), carbon aerogels,  graphane, and carbon nanoparticles tube (CNT).</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">Carbon-based electrodes mainly exhibit electrostatic double-layer capacitance, and pseudocapacitance may also occur under different pore sizes. Pore diameters range from micropores (<2nm) to mesopores (2~50nm), and only micropores can produce pseudocapacitance. When the pore size approaches the size of the dissolved shell, the solvent molecules are excluded, and only undissolved ions fill the pores, increasing the ion packing density and storage capacity through the Faraday hydrogen gas interlayer.</span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>2.1 Activated Carbon</strong></span></h3>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><a href="https://www.allcarbon.com.cn/activated-carbon-for-super-capacitors-and-electrodes" data-page_id="0" data-page_name="" data-page_type=""><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;">Activated carbon was the first material used in EDLC electrodes</span></strong></span></a>. Although its conductivity is only about 0.3 ten thousandths of that of metal (1,250~2,000 S/m), it is enough for supercapacitors.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">Activated carbon is an extremely porous carbon with a very high specific surface area - one gram of activated carbon has a surface area of about 1,000 to 3,000 square meters, which is about the size of 4 to 12 tennis courts. The electrodes mainly use low-density activated carbon, which has many pores and has a high electric double layer capacitance value.</span></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.6;"><img src="https://oss.matchpages.cn/matchpages/common/2024/0322/3334/65fcf3cdd5746/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%873.png" alt="Classification chart of supercapacitor types " width="500" data-resolution="960*720" /></h3>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><br /><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">Solid activated carbon, also known as consolidated amorphous carbon (CAC), is the most common electrode material for supercapacitors and may be less expensive than other carbon derivatives. Activated carbon powder can be turned into such blocks by pressing. An electrode with a surface area of about 1000 m2/g has a typical electric double layer capacitance of about 10 μF/cm2 and a specific capacitance of about 100 F/g.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">As of 2010, nearly all commercial supercapacitors use powdered activated carbon made from coconut shells. Activated charcoal made from<a href="coconut-shell-based-activated-carbon" data-page_id="19605" data-page_name="Coconut Shell Based Activated Carbon｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;"> coconut shells</span></strong></span></a> is more porous than charcoal <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="wood-based-activated-carbon" data-page_id="19594" data-page_name="Wood Based Activated Carbon｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage"><strong><span style="color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;">made from wood</span></strong></a></span>.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><a data-page_id="19575" data-page_name="Activated Carbon｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage"><img src="https://oss.matchpages.cn/matchpages/common/2024/0319/2146/65f9475284a71/ACarbon%C2%AE-Activated-Carbon-Products.webp" alt="ACarbon®-Activated-Carbon-Products " width="800" data-resolution="1536*337" /></a></span></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">ACC activated carbon has been recognized by certificate authorities in different fields such as NSF, BV, HALA and Kosher.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">For More information, Visit our Website<br />🌐 <a href="home" data-page_id="19551" data-page_name="Home｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage">www.allcarbon.com.cn</a><br />Or Email us<br />📨 info@allcarbon.com.cn<br /><br /></span></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.6;"><br /><strong><span style="color: #333333;">2.2 Activated Carbon Fiber</span></strong></h3>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><br /><span style="color: #333333;">Activated carbon fibers (ACF) are made from activated carbon and have a typical diameter of 10 µm. They can have micropores with very uniform pore sizes that can be easily controlled. The surface area of textiles made from ACF is approximately 2500 m2/g. The ACF electrode has low resistance along the fiber axis and makes good contact with the collector.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">As far as activated carbon is concerned, the ACF electrode mainly exhibits double electric layer capacitance, and also has a small amount of pseudocapacitance due to micropores.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"> </p>
<h2 style="line-height: 1.6;"><strong><span style="color: #169179;">3. Factors affecting the capacitance performance of porous carbon-based supercapacitors</span></strong></h2>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">Porous carbon is a key material for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems, including batteries and supercapacitors. This is due to the inherent advantages of porous carbon, with high electrical conductivity, chemical/electrochemical/thermal resistance, easy surface functionalization, and <a href="superb-activated-carbon" data-page_id="20821" data-page_name="Super Activated Carbon｜ACC" data-page_type="menuPage"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="color: #2dc26b; text-decoration: underline;">high specific surface area</span></strong></span></a>.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">Factors affecting the capacitance performance of porous carbon-based supercapacitors include specific surface area, pore structure, surface chemical state, carbon structural defects, heteroatom doping, and electrode structure design.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><img src="https://oss.matchpages.cn/matchpages/common/2024/0322/1957/65fcf3b8ce435/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87_20240322101811.webp" alt="porous carbon-based for supercapacitors " width="500" data-resolution="875*877" /></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">A high specific surface area is beneficial to improving the capacitive performance of porous carbon, but there is no strict linear relationship between its specific surface area and normalized capacitance. Generally, the specific capacity of porous carbon is optimal when the pore size matches the size of the desolvated ions (or bare ions).</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">Because micropores can provide abundant chemically active sites for ion storage, mesopores can serve as channels for ion migration and transmission, and macropores can serve as ion buffer spaces, hierarchical porous carbons with appropriate proportions of micro/meso/macropores will have Excellent capacitive performance.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">Accurate analysis of the specific surface area and pore structure of porous carbon will provide a basis for the development and precise preparation of capacitive carbon. Ar adsorption/desorption and QSDFT analysis based on the adsorption branch are usually used to obtain the specific surface area and pore size distribution. </span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">The existence or introduction of structural defects (vacancies, edges) and surface heteroatoms (O, N, P, S, F, B) will change the surface heterogeneity of carbon materials, thereby changing the conductivity and wettability of carbon electrodes. , and induced pseudocapacitance.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">In addition, reasonable electrode structure design (such as graphene conductive agent, multi-dimensional gradient electrode) can effectively improve the capacitive performance of porous carbon.</span></p>
<h2 style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #169179;"><strong>4. Innovative Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials</strong></span></h2>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">Carbon materials prepared from biomass and its wastes have become one of the most popular electrode materials today due to their low cost, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><br /><span style="color: #333333;">① Luo Han Guo is one of the most abundant plant species in Guilin, China, and has extremely high value as a traditional Chinese medicinal material. Its pulp can be extracted to obtain the natural sweetener mogroside. However, the fruit's husk is often discarded as waste due to its low medicinal content.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">The shell of Luo Han Guo has a sponge-like structure, with slightly raised pores on the peel. This inherent structural feature confers the advantages of porous structures. In addition, the concentration of volatile substances in monk fruit shells is relatively low, which significantly improves the carbonization yield.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><img src="https://oss.matchpages.cn/matchpages/common/2024/0322/9316/65fcf3b8c2a7f/640.webp" alt="Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials " data-resolution="726*280" /></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">Guilin University of Technology published a paper titled "Porous carbon derived from a by-product" in the journal "Diamond & Related Materials" of traditional Chinese medicine for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors", the research proposed a design strategy for electrode preparation by carbonizing mangosteen shells.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">Through high-temperature carbonization of mangosteen shells, electrode materials with rich pore structure, high specific surface area and porosity were prepared. The ZHSC prepared using the carbonized and KOH-activated material as the cathode has a high specific capacity of 228.7 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.2 A g-1, and the battery has a high capacity retention rate of 92.6% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. </span></p>
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<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">From: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2023.110785</span></p>
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<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">② Fibrous porous carbon prepared from medical waste absorbent cotton. Through specific chemical treatment and carbonization processes, the South China Agricultural University research team successfully prepared carbon materials with ultra-high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical properties, which have demonstrated excellent performance in supercapacitors and ZIHCs.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><img src="https://oss.matchpages.cn/matchpages/common/2024/0322/8930/65fcf3b8ec31e/640--3-.webp" alt="Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials " width="500" data-resolution="813*410" /></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">This research not only opens up an effective way for the development of energy storage materials and devices, but also provides new ideas and opportunities for the processing and high-value utilization of absorbent cotton and other medical waste.</span></p>
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<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">From: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234146</span></p>
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<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">③Harbin Normal University published a paper in the journal "New J. Chem" titled "Two biomass material-derived self-doped (N/O) porous carbons from waste coriander and lilac with high specific surface areas and "high capacitance for supercapacitors" paper, studying the use of waste coriander and cloves to prepare two porous carbons for high-performance supercapacitors.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><img src="https://oss.matchpages.cn/matchpages/common/2024/0322/1614/65fcf3b8d1fc6/640--4-.webp" alt="Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials " data-resolution="656*368" /></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">This study confirms that waste coriander and cloves can be used as an ideal source for preparing porous carbon due to their excellent electrochemical properties and abundant resources, which have huge commercial potential.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">④ Waste almond shells are used as raw materials to prepare porous carbon materials for use in broadband structural microwave absorbers.</span><span style="color: #333333;">Hunan University published a paper titled "Controlling the microstructure of biomass-derived porous carbon to assemble structural absorber for broadening bandwidth" in the journal Carbon. </span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">The study chose almond shells as raw materials because of its unique layered porous structure. , porous carbon materials with different microstructures were prepared through a simple chemical activation process.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;"><img src="https://oss.matchpages.cn/matchpages/common/2024/0322/5466/65fcf3b8bbe4d/640--1-.webp" alt="Preparation of porous carbon from biomass raw materials " data-resolution="681*469" /></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #333333;">Experiments show that the EAB of porous carbon materials can be effectively expanded by changing the microstructure of the porous carbon materials. Subsequently, these porous carbon materials were used individually to assemble structural absorbers. Coincidentally, the EAB of structural absorbers can also be expanded by changing the microstructure of porous carbon materials.</span></p>
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<p style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: #7e8c8d;">From:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.06.074</span></p>
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